Type 1 diabetes latest research

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DOI: The chemical composition of RJ indicates the presence of various bioactive substances including hydroxydecanoic acid and methylenecholesterol. In addition, a number of biological and pharmacological activities of RJ have been documented.

MeSH terms

The aim of this study was to review the biological and medical effects of RJ. The search was conducted in articles from electronic and scientific literature databases such as Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, Medline, and ISI Web of Science published from to using keywords of pharmacological, biological, and clinical effects and royal jelly.

Data were chosen after the primary survey of all abstracts and selected full articles.

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Comparison among related data was done by the authors. Literature has shown that RJ possesses many beneficial effects on biological systems.

Whereas type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune response directed against the insulin-producing beta islet cells of the pancreas, type 2 diabetes is caused by exhausting those beta cells through excessive energy consumption. Essentially, if one eats too much and has high blood glucose levels, the beta cells have to produce more and more insulin to keep up, eventually leading to accumulation of damage and death.

For example, the therapeutic uses of RJ have been reported in several diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and cancers.

It was also found to possess neurotrophic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Owing to the broad spectrum of biological effects and valuable clinical trials, evaluating the beneficial pharmaceutical effects of RJ in animal and human models seems to be important.